Diseases
Bishara's Syndrome
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Bishara's Syndrome is a condition born from colonization where descendants of colonists would manifest genetic disorders.
Bishara's syndrome was eventually lethal as it destroyed the muscles of its host, reducing them to become bedridden and emaciated, thus becoming physically weaker. Suffererss end up with colostomy bags and eventually requiring intubation. The condition would progress past this to the point where death would be inevitable.
Cholera
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Cholera is a diarrheal sickness caused by the toxigenic bacterium Vibrio cholerae serogroup O1 or O139 infecting the intestine. When people consume cholera-contaminated food or water, they can become ill. Although the infection is frequently mild or without symptoms, cholera, if left untreated, can kill a person within hours, even if they were previously healthy. In industrialised countries, modern sewage and water treatment has practically eliminated cholera. However, cholera continues to be a problem in Africa, Southeast Asia, and Haiti.
When Clemens inquires as to why they must autopsy Newt, Ripley informs him that the girl may have contracted cholera, to which Clemens says there hasn't been a case of cholera documented in 200 years - ie, 1979.
Even if Ripley's extended hypersleep is taken into consideration, cholera would have been eradicated over a century before she was born. In this scenario, it seems exceedingly unlikely that she would recommend — or even be aware of — such a previous sickness - hence Clemens' disbelief of Ripley's story. Nonetheless, Clemens says that he would consider it unwise to tolerate even the possibility of an unwelcome virus as an outbreak of cholera would look extremely bad on a report. Actually cholera is caused by a bacterium called "Vibrio cholerae".